Inflammation

                                     Inflammation →

Definition -

Inflammation is a response of a tissue to injury, often injury caused by invading pathogen.

It is characterised by-

* Swelling

* pain

* Increase blood flow to the tissue 

* Redness 

* increase Temperature

Causes -

- heat / cold 

- chemical irritants

- x rays

- frostbite

- infection by pathogens

- hypersensitivity reaction

- foreign body

- burns

- radiation 

- trauma

- toxins

- physical injury 

- alcohol

Type -

- Appendicitis

- otitis

- meningitis

- colitis

- rhinitis

- vasculitis

- sinusitis

- pancreatitis

- cystitis

- phlebitis

- tonsillitis

- dermatitis. 

According to onset , it is divided into two :

1. Acute ( Rapid onset due to pathogens and              injury )

2. Chronic ( slow onset due to autoimmune              reaction )

Signs -

* Redness

* Heat

* Loss of function

* Sweating

* Loss of function 

Other symptoms are -

* anorexia 

* weakness

* fever

* weight loss

* restlessness

Pathophysiology  -

         Due to any cause  

                      ⬇

       Mast cells activates  

                      ⬇  

       Release of neurotransmitter

    such as histamine ,        serotonin ,                                 leukotriene , prostaglandin.

                 ⬇

  * increase permeability ( oedema )

   * fever    

   * pain

   * redness

              

Treatment -

* NSAIDs for reduce pain and fever and inflammation

ex. nimuslide , paracetamole , ibuprofen.

* Anti-inflammatory agent 

Ex. corticosteroids ( dexamethasone , prednisolone ).

* Antihistamine drug for reduce secretion of histamine mediators 

Ex. levocetrizine , hydrochloride.

* To reduce oedema should be provide - RICE

R- Rest

I- Ice application

C- Compression of organ

E- Elevation

* Encourage to patient for taking plenty of fluid.

                                   

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