medio nursing

                                       Hyponatraemia- Definition- It is a condition of electrolyte imbalance in which sodium ion concentration in the serum is lower than range. Normal serum sodium level - 135 to 145 mEq/L Hyponatraemia - below the 135 mEq/L Causes- * CHF *  oedema * liver cirrhosis * vomiting * excessive sweating * diarrhoea * lack of sodium intake * kidney disease ( nephrotic syndrome ) * lack of secretion of adrenal hormones Sign and Symptoms- * nausea and vomiting * confusion * fatigue * restlessness * seizures * abdominal pain * rapid or weak pulse * headache * lethargy * loss of appetite * irritability * coma * cold skin. Treatment- * Treatment depend on the underlying cause ex. CHF , kidney disorder * I.V administration of normal saline * Increase sodium intake in diet * Monitor blood pres...