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Hyponatraemia



                                       Hyponatraemia-

 Definition-

It is a condition of electrolyte imbalance in which sodium ion concentration in the serum is lower than range.
Normal serum sodium level - 135 to 145 mEq/L
Hyponatraemia - below the 135 mEq/L


Causes-

* CHF

* oedema

* liver cirrhosis

* vomiting

* excessive sweating

* diarrhoea

* lack of sodium intake

* kidney disease ( nephrotic syndrome )

* lack of secretion of adrenal hormones


Sign and Symptoms-

* nausea and vomiting

* confusion

* fatigue

* restlessness

* seizures

* abdominal pain

* rapid or weak pulse

* headache* lethargy

* loss of appetite

* irritability

* coma

* cold skin.


Treatment-

* Treatment depend on the underlying cause ex. CHF , kidney disorder
* I.V administration of normal saline
* Increase sodium intake in diet
* Monitor blood pressure.


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