medio nursing

                                                        Constipation  - Definition  - Constipation refers to stool or faeces become harder and more difficult to pass.  It occur when bowel movement become difficult or less frequent. Causes   - - Inadequate water intake  - A disruption of regular diet or routine , travelling  - Eating large amount of dairy product - Stress - Resisting the urge to have a bowel movement. which is sometime the results pain from haemorrhoids. - Over use of laxatives - Neurological condition ( parkinsonism , multiple sclerosis )  - Drugs ( narcotics , anti-depressant ,  irons pills) - Inadequate fiber in diet - Irritable bowel syndrome - pregnancy - Colon cancer - Old age Sign & Symptoms  ...

Vomiting  - Definition  - It is the forceful expulsion of the stomach contents through the mouth and sometimes the nose. Causes  - - gastritis  - brain tumours - intense pain - heart attack - ulcers - motion sickness - increase intracranial pressure  - reaction to certain smells or odours - ingestion of toxins or excessive intake of  alcohol -  poisoning - medication - over eating - brain injury - some cancers - gall bladder disease - early stages of pregnancy Management  - * Anti-emetics drug ex. domperidone * Advice to take plenty of fluids to reduce dehydration * Oral rehydration salts also given Prevention of Nausea  - * Eat little meals throughout the day instead of three large meals. * Eat  slowly. * Avoid hard to digest food. * Consume food that are cold at room temperature * Rest after eating with the head elevated about 1 feet about foot ( legs )...

                                       Inflammatio n → Definition - Inflammation is a response of a tissue to injury, often injury caused by invading pathogen. It is characterised by- * Swelling * pain * Increase blood flow to the tissue  * Redness  * increase Temperature Causes - - heat / cold  - chemical irritants - x rays - frostbite - infection by pathogens - hypersensitivity reaction - foreign body - burns - radiation  - trauma - toxins - physical injury  - alcohol Type - - Appendicitis - otitis - meningitis - colitis - rhinitis - vasculitis - sinusitis - pancreatitis - cystitis - phlebitis -  tonsillitis - dermatitis.  According to onset , it is divided into two : 1. Acute ( Rapid onset due to pathogens and              in...