Inflammation
Inflammation →
Definition -
Inflammation is a response of a tissue to injury, often injury caused by invading pathogen.
It is characterised by-
* Swelling
* pain
* Increase blood flow to the tissue
* Redness
* increase Temperature
Causes -
- heat / cold
- chemical irritants
- x rays
- frostbite
- infection by pathogens
- hypersensitivity reaction
- foreign body
- burns
- radiation
- trauma
- toxins
- physical injury
- alcohol
Type -
- Appendicitis
- otitis
- meningitis
- colitis
- rhinitis
- vasculitis
- sinusitis
- pancreatitis
- cystitis
- phlebitis
- tonsillitis
- dermatitis.
According to onset , it is divided into two :
1. Acute ( Rapid onset due to pathogens and injury )
2. Chronic ( slow onset due to autoimmune reaction )
Signs -
* Redness
* Heat
* Loss of function
* Sweating
* Loss of function
Other symptoms are -
* anorexia
* weakness
* fever
* weight loss
* restlessness
Pathophysiology -
Due to any cause
⬇
Mast cells activates
⬇
Release of neurotransmitter
such as histamine , serotonin , leukotriene , prostaglandin.
⬇
* increase permeability ( oedema )
* fever
* pain
* redness
Treatment -
* NSAIDs for reduce pain and fever and inflammation
ex. nimuslide , paracetamole , ibuprofen.
* Anti-inflammatory agent
Ex. corticosteroids ( dexamethasone , prednisolone ).
* Antihistamine drug for reduce secretion of histamine mediators
Ex. levocetrizine , hydrochloride.
* To reduce oedema should be provide - RICE
R- Rest
I- Ice application
C- Compression of organ
E- Elevation
* Encourage to patient for taking plenty of fluid.
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