Hyperkalemia Easy Way To Learn

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                                                Hyperkalemia-

definition-

Potassium level is higher than normal or above 5 mEq/L.


Causes-


* Medication ( NSAID / ACE inhibitors )
* Acidosis ( Respiratory and metabolic )
* Cellular destruction ( Burn , traumatic injury )
* Inadequate intake
* kidney failure
* Excretion impaired


Sign and Symptoms-


* Muscle weakness

* Urinary problem ( oliguria , anuria )

* Respiratory distress* Decreased cardiac contractility

* ECG changes

* Reflexes changes ( Hyperreflexia , areflexia )


Treatment-


* Reduce dietary potassium

* Insulin therapy ( 10-15 unit of regular insulin with 50ml of 50% dextrose to prevent hypoglycemia )will lead to a shift of potassium ions into cells.

* Bicarbonate therapy

* Salbutamol by nebulization Ex. 10 to 20 ml.( this drug lowers blood level of potasssium by promoting its movement into cells )

* Hemodialysis or hemofiltration in severe condition.

* Diuretics Ex. furosemide.


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