What is Shock ? Clear define here with Pathophysiology

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                                     Shock-
Definition-
Shock is a medical emergency in which the organ and tissue of the body are not receiving blood flow.

Type-

1. Cardiogenic shock [ associated with heart problems ].

2. Hypovolemic shock [ caused by inadequate blood volume ].

3. Anaphylactic shock [ caused by allergic reaction ].

4. Septic shock [ associated with infection ].

5. Neurogenic shock [ caused by damage to nervous systems ].

Signs and Symptoms -

* Anxiety
* Chest pain
* Shallow breathing 
* Bluish lips and finger nails
* Nausea and Vomiting
* Unconsciousness

Causes-

* Heart failure
* Dehydration
* Severe allergic reaction
* Decrease urine output
* Fast heart rate
* Distended jugular vein [ in cardiogenic shock ]
* Cool, clammy skin due to vasoconstriction
* Hemorrhage
* Infections
* Low blood pressure
* Confusion
* Weak and absent pulse
* Hypothermia due to decrease perfusion and sweating
* Thirst and dry mouth.

Pathophysiology -





Nursing Management -

Shock is a emergency crisis so we should give emergency treatment such as :

* Asses airway , breathing and circulation , if necessary give CPR.

* If the person is conscious and does not have an injury to the head , leg  , spine , placed the person in shock position.

* Give appropriate first aid for any wound , injury or illnesses.

* Keep the person warm and comfortable , loosen tight clothes.

* If patient is having vomiting , turn the head to one side.

Management-

* Provide oxygen therapy.

* I.V infusion for reduce hypovolemia,
ex. dextran , plasma , blood.

* Vasoconstrictors agents for maintaining blood pressure 
ex. epinephrine , norepinephrine. 

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